Fermentation is a process by which microorganisms break down organic compounds in the absence of oxygen. During fermentation, these microorganisms convert sugars and other organic molecules into other compounds, such as lactic acid or ethanol.

In the context of alternative proteins, fermentation can be used in three main ways:

1. Traditional fermentation: Microorganisms are used to improve the flavour and functionality of meat alternatives.

2. Biomass fermentation: Microorganisms are the main ingredient in the meat alternative.

3. Precision fermentation: Microorganisms are genetically engineered to produce specific proteins that are similar in structure to animal proteins, such as those found in meat or dairy products. They can also produce other molecules with different functions like vitamins, fats, and pigments.

Fermentation-based alternative protein production can be more sustainable and environmentally friendly than traditional animal agriculture. For example, it requires significantly less land, water, in its production, and can produce less greenhouse gas emissions and waste than traditional animal agriculture.

Fermentation-based alternative proteins can have similar nutritional profiles to traditional animal products, but without the ethical or environmental concerns associated with animal agriculture.

For more information, check out these resources:

• https://gfi.org/fermentation/

  • A strong overall introduction

• https://www.proteinreport.org/

  • has sections on microbial, fungi, and algae

• https://gfi.org/resource/fermentation-state-of-the-industry-report/

  • contains industry information on fermentation, such as funding rounds, new companies, and company breakthroughs

Here are some current research articles, explaining new developments in fermentation:

• Recycling carbon for sustainable protein production using gas fermentation

• Fermentation for future food systems

• Cultured meat production fuelled by fermentation

• Microbial cell factories for the sustainable manufacturing of B vitamins

• Industrial-scale fermentation

Here are some job boards with positions relevant to ending factory farming:

• 80,000 Hours

• Animal Advocacy Careers

• CellAg

• Food+Tech*

• ForceBrands*

• GFI

• IndieBio*

• Pivot Food

• Protein Report

• Vegan Job Board

• Vegan Jobs

• VegNews

*not specific to just jobs for ending factory farming 

A slightly outdated post about jobs in the alternative protein sector can be found here.

A list of companies in the alternative protein industry can be found here and here. 

A list of more organizations working on this problem can be found here.

Logo diagrams of organizations in the alternative protein industry can be found here.

There are numerous aspects to the study of biology which are relevant to developing alternative proteins. Firstly, plant biologists can explore the vast amount of plants and evaluate them on their potential to be used in plant-based products in terms of providing protein, fat, structure, taste, colour, smell, and other attributes. So little research has been done on this meaning there is an untapped potential to create new and novel plant-based products which could be even better than animal products, but we just haven’t discovered them yet. Animal and marine biologists can study the behaviour of various land and aquatic life to better understand their nervous systems and brains (to determine how they think and feel which could be useful for moral weighting) as well as identify what conditions led to illness when they are factory farmed. Human and pathogen biologists can study the transmission and development of zoonotic diseases between animals and humans. Also, they could assess how the use of antibiotics in factory farms will lead to greater human deaths due to antibiotic resistance. Both of these would help to provide stronger justification to health organizations and governments to move towards a future without factory farming. Cell biologists can assist with the development of cellular agriculture into viable products, particularly looking at stem cells and growth media. (Work on seafood and egg alternatives are currently more neglected so working on these products, you would have a greater contribution). A lot of work done by scientists/biologists is in academic research which is very helpful to the cause overall since the results, once published, are open for everyone in the industry to learn from, as opposed to private companies where the research is often confidential.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Adipose Tissue Biologist at Hoxton Farms - design and execute experiments to develop the best adipose tissue culture system in the world

Senior Scientist in Biology at Chunk - perform growth medium and strain screening and metabolic analysis experiments, and develop analytical methods for product performance, quality, and safety

Biologist in Media Development at Future Meat - design and formulate culture media recipes, as well as conduct laboratory work that requires high technical skill including hands on work with mammalian cell culture, metabolic analysis and microscopy

You can build career capital to get into this area by getting a bachelor’s degree in biology, then a more specific graduate degree or PhD (as having extensive experience with specific scientific methods and tools, data collection and analysis, and extensive knowledge of your field is essential if you are to make any substantial innovation in academia and most companies require this higher level education or 7+ years of experience), doing research during your studies in a relevant lab, and building experience through internships and volunteer projects.

Additional information specific to biology can be found here (however, this is specific to cultivated meat). 

Chemistry is useful for understanding the behaviour of molecules on a micro level which can be especially beneficial for protein binding and denaturation, fermentation, and other chemical reactions involved in the process of creating alternative proteins. Physics is useful for understanding the development of the structure of ingredients on a macro level for plant-based meat forming/texturizing and scaffolding for cultivated meat as well as the processes and equipment involved in forming these products (i.e. shear cell technology and 3-D printing).

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Biopolymer Scientist at Beyond Meat - develop novel solutions to improve the performance of biopolymer ingredients in the company products and create and characterize macromolecular interactions with a specific emphasis on the chemistry and hydrocolloids-starches-protein interactions

Scientist, Protein Structuring at Simulate - identify new technologies in enzymology to structure plant-based polymers and characterize, develop, and optimize enzyme activity and protein-protein interactions in plant-based proteins

Analytical Scientist Lead at Clara Foods - oversee day-to-day laboratory activities, train laboratory technicians and chemists on the correct use of laboratory equipment, develop and implement SOPs, and review of instrument test data

Similar to the biology career path, you can build career capital to get into this area by getting a bachelor’s degree in chemistry or physics, then a more specific graduate degree or PhD (as having extensive experience with specific scientific methods and tools, data collection and analysis, and extensive knowledge of your field is essential if you are to make any substantial innovation in academia and most companies require this higher level education or 7+ years of experience), doing research during your studies in a relevant lab, and building experience through internships and volunteer projects.

Additional information specific to physics can be found here and chemistry can be found here (however, these are specific to cultivated meat).

Many people assume that there is little relevance between computer science and factory farming. However, this is not the case as programmers and people with a strong mathematical background are needed to figure out the optimal way to design alternative proteins and the equipment used to make them. Data analysis is used to process the data required for operations, scientific research, or product/business purposes including equipment sensors, bioreactor monitoring, genetic sequencing, etc. Another aspect of this career path is computational modelling which is extremely beneficial for analyzing cell differentiation into tissues and scaffold design for cultivated meat. Even artificial intelligence is useful for assessing numerous combinations of proteins, optimizing ingredients for plant-based meats (i.e. Climax Foods), and other applications which we haven’t thought of yet. Furthermore, creating apps which promote and educate on plant-based eating is another avenue that someone in this field could pursue. 

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Senior Bioinformatics Scientist at Shiru - build and maintain ETL pipelines to ingest data from a wide variety of public and proprietary sources, create data pipelines to capture, process, and store experimental design and data from the lab

Food Scientist – Artificial Intelligence at The Not Company - participate in the design of new cognitive capabilities for the NotCo’s disruptive Artificial Intelligence technology

Machine Learning Researcher at Hoxton Farms - build computational models and machine learning algorithms to help develop the best adipose tissue culture system

You can build career capital to get into this area by learning a programming language, investigating data analysis techniques, and researching modelling applications within alternative proteins.

Additional information specific to computational modelling can be found here and data analysis can be found here (however, these are specific to cultivated meat). Another resource is the Cultivated Meat Modelling Consortium. 

Chefs may say that making food is an art, but actually there is an abundance of science involved. The study of food science consists of how ingredients behave with other ingredients under various conditions, how combinations of ingredients evoke different sensory experiences, and how they can be produced in a safe and quality controlled manner. One of the most important factors consumers consider when purchasing food is taste (which is closely followed by texture). Alternative protein products will only gain consumer acceptance if they can mimic (or even exceed) the animal products which they are aiming to replace in terms of taste and texture. Food scientists are critical to developing alternative proteins such that these products can achieve this goal. 

Many medical professionals receive minimal education on nutrition and therefore lack a good understanding of the importance of diet on health. Some researchers have proven links between consuming animal products and numerous health issues including heart disease, colorectal cancer, and diabetes. In some instances, switching to a plant-based diet has been shown to reverse some of these conditions. Therefore, conducting more research on the health implications of eating animal products could better strengthen the argument of reducing meat, egg, and dairy consumption, thereby convincing more people to do so, especially those who are health conscious. Also, doctors and dieticians can encourage their patients to adopt a plant-based lifestyle by providing them with this empirical research.  

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Analytical Flavor Scientist at Beyond Meat - develop analytical methods for isolation, detection, identification, and quantification of flavor/aroma molecules, and conduct discovery phase research and quantitative analysis using diverse instrumental techniques as applied to complex meat and food matrices

Protein Scientist at GOURMEY - drive protein research to develop and improve products, design, develop, and execute biochemistry experiments, and connect the dots between molecular biology and food science

Food Scientist at Cultured Decadence - apply food engineering and technology concepts to develop cell-cultured seafood products, and develop lab/pilot scale unit operations, processes and apply existing/new formulations and processing techniques for consistent food product quality in compliance with regulatory requirements

You can build career capital to get into this area by obtaining a degree (preferably a Masters or PhD) in food science or nutritional science, exploring the various taste and texture profiles of animal and alternative protein products (to get a sense of what makes meat taste and feel the way it does and to better understand the sensory reception to  non-animal ingredients), and reading academic papers and books related to health and diet (i.e. How Not To Die and The China Study).

Work on cultivated meat would greatly benefit from more bioengineers and others working on biotechnology as they could help design cell scaffolding and tissue structuring as well as cell growth factor optimization. In addition, they could help scale up the production of cultivated meats to a level in which they could be mass produced.  

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Bioprocess Engineer at Hoxton Farms - design and execute experiments to help develop the best adipose tissue culture system

Bioengineer at New Age Meats - support the bioprocessing R&D activities of the bioengineering department to validate methods, materials, and/or hardware to refine the bioprocess for cultivated meat 

Research Associate, Strain Engineering at Clara Foods - develop novel synthetic biology solutions as well as design, build, and test better genetic circuits for driving up animal protein production by Clara’s yeast platform

You can build career capital to get into this area by earning a degree in bioengineering (biological, biomaterial, biomedical, or bioprocess engineering), interning at alternative protein companies in equipment research and development positions, and learning more about stem cell growth and cultivated meat formulation.

In order to produce cultivated meat, particularly at scale, cultivated meat cells need to be grown in bioreactors, manufactured devices that support biologically active environments. Cell culture bioreactors are used extensively in the medical field to produce pharmaceuticals, vaccines, or antibodies and use cell lines (e.g. Chinese Hamster Ovary cells - CHO) that are specifically designed for medical applications. Chemical engineers can play a massive role in designing bioreactors for cultivated meat facilities, which will allow for these facilities to produce cells at large volumes with low complexity. Specifically, chemical engineers can help adapt bioreactors cultivated meat cells, as opposed to the cell lines used in the medical industry. They can also develop and improve methods for adapting meat cells to suspension culture, as opposed to adherent cell culture (see this link to learn about adherent cell culture vs suspension cell culture). Finally, chemical engineers can discover and develop methods to capture useful side stream products that are produced during animal cell metabolism within cultivators, which can serve as an additional source of revenue for cultivated meat companies. 

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Process Engineering Postdoctoral Fellow at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - planning and executing R&D and scale-up projects applicable in advanced biofuel and bioproduct production including deconstruction, fermentation, and recovery

Senior Manager, Fermentation Engineering at Clara Foods - develop and optimize fermentation and associated downstream purification of recombinant proteins

You can build career capital to get into this area by earning a degree in chemical engineering, interning at alternative protein companies in equipment research and development positions, and learning more about food manufacturing processes and technology.

Someone has to design the equipment used to make alternative proteins (i.e. extruders, shear cells, cultivated meat bioreactors, fermentors). This is where mechanical engineers could use their skills to help further develop the alternative protein space. One of the main reasons which prevents alternative proteins from gaining a greater portion of the global protein market is their currently higher cost compared to conventional protein sources (meat, eggs, and dairy). Creating better versions of the equipment used in producing alternative proteins could substantially help to bring down the cost of alternative proteins to become on par (or even cheaper) than conventional protein sources, leading to greater consumer sales to facilitate the transition to a food system with less animal products. 

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Technology Specialist at ZX Ventures - lead & deliver biotechnology & bioprocess technical projects within the BioBrew team

Mechanical Engineer at Beyond Meat - lead the design of products and systems from concept to prototyping to pilot testing to production capacity deployment, in support of Innovation programs

Process Associate, Fermentation Engineeringing at Clara Foods - implement novel upstream processes to improve recombinant protein production rate, titer, yield and purity, run bioreactors, and gather data to evaluate and optimize key fermentation process parameters

You can build career capital to get into this area by earning a degree in mechanical engineering, interning at alternative protein companies in equipment research and development positions, and learning more about food manufacturing processes and technology.

As alternative proteins companies continue to scale up, they will move beyond pilot scale facilities and co-manufacturers to make their products. This means they will aim to build their own production plants, like Plant & Bean in the U.K., which will require numerous engineers. Automation engineers are needed to set up the controls for the equipment. Civil engineers can design the structure of these plants to handle the loads as well as HVAC and plumbing requirements. Electrical engineers would be responsible for installing the electrical systems within the plant thus allowing it to be fully functional (electrical engineers could also be useful for biosensor development for bioreactors). 

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Automation Engineer at Unicorn Biotechnologies - automating biological processes and

workflows, to spearhead engineering initiatives, prototype tools, work with hardware, embedded microcontrollers, PCBs, etc.

Electrical Project Engineer at Food Plant Engineering - design electrical distribution systems, lighting, and motor/process controls in industrial facilities

Food Process Engineer at Sundial Foods - lead efforts around upscale and industrial process design in collaboration with contract manufacturers and larger industry partners

This is by no means an exhaustive list of all engineering fields related to ending factory farming. More relevant types of engineering fields can be found here (however, these are specific to cultivated meat).

More information specific to technical roles in both science and engineering related to alternative proteins can be found here.

The chart below summarizes what types of scientists and engineers are needed for the fields of plant-based, cultivated, and fermentation-derived products. 

Also, check out GFI’s Collaborative Research Directory to find others working on similar problems and reach out to them to learn more or apply to be a research fellow in one of  their labs.

There is little understanding of why people kill animals, eat meat, and exploit some animals for food. Anthropologists can delve into how various civilizations developed cultures around the slaughtering and consumption of animals which may provide answers to some of these questions. This knowledge would be useful for formulating better arguments against the consumption of animal products and is beneficial to alternative protein and animal welfare marketers. Historians can investigate how animal agriculture practices have evolved into the factory farms of today as well as researching how common myths about vegetarianism/veganism came to exist (i.e. insufficient protein, vegans are hippies). Learning from the experiences of the past could enable one to identify ways to transition to a more plant-based food system and improve vegetarianism/veganism messaging moving forward. Religious scholars can analyze how religious texts perceive the well-being of animals and acceptance of eating meat. Some cultures involve the sacrifice of an animal for certain traditions. By questioning the relevance of killing animals in the modern world and whether this is what “god” intended may help people to see that the relationship between their beliefs may not be aligned with their actions. Religious scholars can argue to the appropriate regulation committees for cultivated meat to be considered halal and/or kosher based on interpretations from religious texts. If cultivated meat is considered halal and/or kosher, that would greatly increase its potential market size as well as help with consumer acceptance. 

Specific jobs do not currently exist in this industry so you would have to make your own job by doing research in the areas noted above.

You can build career capital to get into this area by exploring the relationship various civilizations had with treating and eating animals, reading about the establishment of factory farming as well as vegetarianism/veganism movements, and studying the links between religion and animals.   

A starting point for anthropology can be found here. A starting point for history can be found here and here. A starting point for religion can be found here.

As the alternative protein market continues to grow, the meat industry has tried to find various ways to oppose alternative proteins’ infringement on its industry. For example, some states tried to implement laws which prevented plant-based burgers from being labelled as “burgers”. Alternative protein companies need strong lawyers to defend against these sort of attacks. Also, once cultivated meat is approved, it is likely that some states may file a lawsuit against the labelling of these products (as done with plant-based meat products) so lawyers will be needed to protect the cultivated meat companies from these lawsuits. Furthermore, “ag-gag” laws which aim to punish whistleblowers and undercover activists for recording footage of what goes on in factory farms, have deterred many potential undercover investigators from entering factory farms. Lawyers could defend those prosecuted under “ag-gag” laws to claim that the law violates First Amendment rights. 

You could work for Animal Legal Defense Fund, Vegan Society’s International Rights Network, Droit Animalier Québec, or Animal Justice.

You can build career capital to get into this area by obtaining a law degree, doing legal work, researching past court cases about plant-based meat labelling and “ag-gag” laws and reading Towards a Vegan Jurisprudence.    

There currently is a limited understanding of how and why animals behave. Having more research into this would enable humans to have a better sense of animals’ intelligence, sentience, capacity to suffer, and other attributes which are “human-like”. If there is greater confidence that pigs, for example, can have aspirations, then there would be a stronger moral argument against eating them. Philosophers could use these analyses to contemplate and propose moral weights for various types of animals (i.e. how much should the life of a cow be valued compared to a chicken, fish, or insect). 

In addition, the alternative protein industry could be greatly improved by gaining more insights into human psychology and sociology. Specifically, answering questions such as: what are the main mental motivators and social determinants which lead people to either buy or not buy alternative proteins, how do people react to different alternative protein marketing approaches (i.e. what name for meat grown from cells are consumers most likely to accept/purchase), and what emotions are associated with various texture and taste profiles. This will help alternative proteins gain a greater share of the protein market through improved consumer acceptance, awareness, and accessibility. 

Jobs in this career area include animal sentience philosopher, marketing psychologist, and animal sociologist.

You can build career capital to get into this area by studying the behaviour of factory farmed animals or the psychology of consumers, reading journals articles and research papers related to animal consciousness/sentience or marketing, and completing a thesis on a topic relevant to this area such as the moral considerations of eating animals or the well being of animals on factory farms. Books on these subjects include Defining Critical Animal Studies and Zoopolis. 

A brief overview on the psychology of eating meat can be found here. More information on moral weights can be found here and some philosophical animal welfare research questions can be found here.

You can also read the interview notes with Jason Schukraft, a Senior Staff Researcher at Rethink Priorities.

Lobbying for improving animal welfare policies and developing regulations to reduce meat production has been very impactful in the past. People doing this policy work can help to establish laws to create better conditions for farmed animals and make meat production less profitable (i.e. reducing the line speed of meat processing facilities improves worker conditions, results in fewer processing errors such as boiling live chickens, and lowers the production of meat). One of the major reasons that conventional meat is so cheap is because of subsidies to animal agriculture. By lobbying for the elimination of these subsidies (or shift of these subsidies towards alternative proteins), one could greatly speed up the timeline for alternative proteins to reach price parity with conventional meat. In addition to lobbying, those working in the political environment can allocate more government spending (through research grants such as the National Science Foundation) towards research into developing better alternative protein products.

Another aspect of political science is policy and regulation development. When Singapore became the first country in the world to give regulatory approval for cultivated meat in 2020, it was likely the beginning of a transition to a food system with more alternative proteins as it signaled to other countries that there is a path forward for viable adoption of cultivated meat. However, no other country has done this as there are many regulatory issues regarding the legality of selling cultivated meat. Although the Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that they’d established a framework for regulating cell-based meat, it is still preliminary, and it leaves some important questions unanswered, including labelling. Doing policy work with the USDA and/or FDA to speed up the process allowing for the regulatory sale of cultivated meat and ensuring that it will have fair labelling would be very beneficial.

Many NGOs need lawyers to fight in court cases against factory farms. An example of a role like this is: 

Lead Regulatory Counsel at The Good Food Institute - develop clear regulatory pathways for cultivated meat in the United States and abroad to ensure that alternative proteins do not face undue regulatory burdens

You can build career capital to get into this area by obtaining a political science or public policy degree, interning or volunteering for a politician, running for local political positions (possibly for animal welfare parties such as The Animal Protection Party of Canada), and gaining an in-depth understanding of the current landscape of the meat and alternative protein industry as well as regulations within it.  

Additional information specific to politics, policy, and lobbying related to alternative proteins can be found here. The European Commission’s report on the Evaluation of the EU strategy on Animal Welfare can be found here.

You can also read the interview notes from a Policy Organizer at Democracy Policy Network.

Accounting and animals may not seem to go together, however, accountants have an in-depth understanding of the financial picture of organizations thus allowing them to identify opportunities to reduce cost inefficiencies. Figuring out where to bring down the cost of alternative proteins is critical to alternative proteins capturing a greater share of the protein market. Also, accountants are able to calculate the metrics such as price-to-earning ratio, free cash flow, and return on equity, which are required to convince potential investors and donors to provide funding. Furthermore, accountants can help ensure that alternative protein companies and animal welfare NGOs are following the correct financial procedures and documentation so that they pass when audited as well as correctly file taxes. Failing an audit or being accused of tax fraud can have disastrous effects on an organization causing them to lose credibility and tarnish the public's perception of the movement to end factory farming as a whole.  

You can build career capital to get into this area by graduating from an accredited accounting program, understanding the cost of goods sold of alternative proteins (and the bottlenecks in the industry to reduce it), and figuring out ways to improve the metrics which investors and donors evaluate organizations on.

You can also read the interview notes with Stephen Rykwalder, an Internal Auditor at Watsco, Inc.

In current societies based on capitalism, economics is an essential aspect to consider to ensure growth and longevity. Movements (such as ending factory farming) will only prevail if there is an economic incentive to do so. As such, economists can have a large impact on the future of our food systems. Some specific examples of analyses which can be conducted include:

• assessing how shifting the subsidies currently provided to animal agriculture would impact the price of plant-based meat if it was put towards the crops used to make plant-based meat

• determining the true cost of meat considering all of the externalized costs such as environmental pollution, water scarcity, land degradation, greenhouse gas emissions, factory farm worker exploitation, human healthcare, etc.

• investigating the amount of spending put towards healthcare for treating diseases which have been linked to consumption of animal products such as cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and diabetes as well as the impact of increased antibiotic resistance resulting from factory farming on future healthcare costs

• predicting how the cost of cultivated meat will decrease and the associated impact on its share of the global protein market over time 

The results of these analyses could be used to convince governments, corporations, investors, and the general public to realize the monetary benefit of transitioning to a food system without factory farming.

You could conduct these analyses working for an NGO or as an independent contractor. 

You can build career capital to get into this area by obtaining a degree in economics, reading articles on some of the topics noted above (such as this, this, and this) as well as books such as Meatonomics, and Farmageddon. Additional resources include papers on how economists can help to improve animal welfare and the economic aspects of animal welfare. 

If alternative proteins are to ever have a chance at replacing meat as the primary source of the world’s protein, then substantial effort must be made in the private sector to make them commercially viable. Entrepreneurship is critical to this as the more businesses that are involved in creating alternative proteins, the greater the likelihood that one or more of them will be successful. Although there are hundreds of alternative protein companies, it is believed that in this industry there are so many opportunities for new developments that the market is not yet oversaturated. Therefore, new companies can still come into existence without diminishing the chance of success of other companies.  People who are innovative thinkers, have a lot of grit, and great people skills are best suited to pursue this path. However, it should be noted that there is a high risk of failure.

You can start your own alternative protein company.

You can build career capital to get into this area by attending an incubator program (either through a university or startup accelerator such as Y Combinator), working for a start-up (to see how a business gets off the ground), speaking with founders of successful companies (ideally in the alternative protein sector), and reading business books (as it is very important that founders have a foundational knowledge on all aspects of business).

GFI has a guide to entrepreneurship within the alternative protein space as well as a startup manual and a list of incubators. ProVeg also has an accelerator program.

Human resource roles are an essential part of every organization (both for-profit and nonprofit) because they ensure that all employees are treated fairly (keeping them motivated to stay with the organization), help resolve conflicts that could undermine the success of the organization, and hire outstanding people to help grow the organization. Since many alternative protein companies and animal welfare NGOs are relatively small, they often lack strong HR departments due to their limited staffing and budget. 

Therefore, by working in the HR department of one of these organizations, you have a high counterfactual impact as well as a greater influence on the success of the organization. 

You can build career capital to get into this area by acquiring a professional degree in human resources, developing exceptional emotional intelligence and soft skills (i.e. communication, conflict resolution), and becoming well versed in payroll, policy development, labour laws, and hiring, by working in the HR department of another organization.  

Investing may not seem to have any relevance to ending factory farming, but those working in the investment sector have the potential to greatly influence the transition to a more sustainable and ethical food system. This can be achieved by starting investment opportunities for alternative protein companies, promoting and convincing investment in these companies, and predicting the trends in the alternative protein industry as a way to determine which investments will be the most profitable for shareholders. Venture capitalists can personally invest in these companies. Through putting more capital into alternative protein companies (and away from animal agriculture companies), it will increase the likelihood of success of these companies as well as the speed at which they are able to grow, thereby helping them to gain a bigger portion of the protein market faster. 

Jobs include stock brokers, portfolio managers, investment analysts, and venture capitalists.

You can build career capital to get into this area by earning a business degree (ideally in economics or investing), extensively tracking the stock and press releases of alternative protein companies, and gaining exposure to the investment world by working or interning for an investment company. 

There are numerous investment opportunities in the alternative and vegan space, with the most notable being BYND and VEGN, but there are others including VEGT, EATS, and as well as a list of cultivated meat stocks can be found here and a list of vegan stocks can be found here.

Every company and organization needs managers as they oversee strategic plans to ensure they are met as well as guide others to support them in achieving their goals. In order for alternative protein and animal welfare organizations to be successful, they require exceptional people in management positions to lead teams and direct them towards the organization’s mission. Effective managers are motivational, attentive listeners, and reflective. Although they don’t do the hands-on/frontline work, they are a vital part of any organization and since these organizations are relatively young, powerful managers could have a large influence and really make progress towards initiating change to a food system without factory farms. Another part of management is supply chain management and logistics. All organizations need to establish supply chains for their resources whether it is plant protein ingredients, growth media, packaging, or even money/donations.

You can apply to be a team or project lead position or a board member for an alternative protein and animal welfare organization. You can start off in small leadership roles and gradually work your way up.

Management roles within organizations include supply chain managers, logistic coordinators, project team leaders, operations managers, chief operating officers, vice presidents, executive directors, board members, etc.

You can build career capital to get into this area by developing strong leadership skills through attending leadership training courses and/or seminars, building experience in managing teams and/or projects at small companies or non-profits, and honing other “soft” skills such as organization, communication, and conflict resolution. 

Additional information specific to management within the alternative protein space can be found here.

Marketers are critical to expanding the alternative protein industry and animal welfare movement. Skilled marketers bring forth messages in a way that resonates with the general public. This includes knowing things like how to appeal to the emotional part of the brain (not just the rational brain), storytelling, how to demonstrate the benefits of products in interesting ways (not just the features), understanding peoples’ biases, understanding the audience, summarizing complex information succinctly, and so much more. Most alternative protein companies are fairly new and small, and they have to compete with the animal agriculture corporations which have well established brands, a dedicated consumer following, and vast marketing budgets. In addition, they compete with other alternative protein companies for the few consumers who currently eat their products. As a result, strong advertising campaigns are essential for these companies to grow. Creative and out-of-the-box ideas have helped some alternative protein companies stand out and remain memorable such as the 2021 Oatly Super Bowl ad. The animal welfare movement has struggled to find the optimal messaging to convince people to empathize with animals and perhaps focusing more on the negative environmental impacts of factory farming or the health benefits of a plant-based diet may be a more appealing argument. Marketers could help develop this type of messaging.  

You could work in the marketing/advertising department of an alternative protein company or NGO, animal welfare charity, or be self-employed as a consultant to offer marketing services to these organizations. 

You can build career capital to get into this area by earning a degree in marketing, learning about copywriting, graphic design, social media, digital media, and advertising, staying current with the latest marketing tools, and researching examples of successful marketing campaigns. 

A great resource is GFI’S guide for marketing alternative proteins.

Building a unique and respectable brand is critical to alternative protein companies as they aim to gain more consumers. Ensuring that the public trusts the brand is very important. Maintaining positive communications with celebrity spokespeople, the media, sponsors, and investors is another duty of someone in this role. As the alternative protein industry continues to gradually infringe on the meat industry’s portion of the protein market, the meat industry may start campaigns against alternative protein companies to taint their reputation. It is the responsibility of those working in public relations to defend against these attacks. 

You could work in the public relations department of an alternative protein company or NGO, animal welfare charity, or be self-employed as a consultant to offer marketing services to these organizations. 

You can build career capital to get into this area by constantly following the news within the alternative protein and animal welfare sectors, networking with people dedicated towards ending factory farming as well as those in the meat industry (to foster positive relationships), attending events related to alternative proteins and/or animal welfare, and honing your communication skills through public speaking, facilitating interviews, and writing opinion pieces.   

You can also read the interview notes with Lucas Solowey, a Public Relations Consultant.

Actors, athletes, musicians, and other celebrities can promote plant-based living. They can do this on their own by word of mouth and via social media. To have a greater impact they can team up with documentaries, dieticians, media, nonprofits, businesses and more. Their celebrity status can greatly influence others to change their diet as they often have a large following who are more likely to adopt something, if they do. 

Journalism is essential when it comes to helping animals. Journalists bring the stories to the public that they otherwise would not know about. This can be anything from the latest alternative protein products, including their benefits and availability, to animal abuse that is typically hidden from society. Exposing some of these issues will help to better inform people and may get them to rethink their pre-existing notions about factory farming. Different outlets for journalism exist, including (but not limited to) newspapers, magazines, blogs, and books.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Content Writer/Copyright Writer at FIAPO - write stories and content for FIAPOs newsletters, blogs, mailers, promotional materials, reports, and drafts for press releases

Headline Writer at PETA - write catchy, exciting headlines for dozens of news articles, action alerts, emails, blogs, op-eds, and other articles daily 

You can build career capital to get into this area by earning post-secondary degree in journalism (which will teach you the ethics of journalism, develop the required skills, and give you credibility) and volunteering to write for non-profit organizations or smaller publications (you can backlink these as references to your writing capabilities when pitching via email). An easy start in this area is to publish “how to” articles and listicles.

However, if journalism is not a career path for you, but rather something you can dedicate time in order to help occasionally, brief training is available for smaller journalism projects. Several animal advocacy organizations, such as Animal Justice Academy, hold workshops to help train people to write op eds and submission magazine submission pieces. Also, you can join the International Association of Culinary Professionals which includes writers, cookbook authors, and food critics.

You can also read the interview notes with Jessica Scott-Reid, a freelance writer.

An effective way to get people to care about animals, the environment, and/or their health, is to tell them a story. Great pictures/films elicit powerful sentiments and tell meaningful stories since “a picture says 1,000 words” (and a video says even more). This is the role that a visual artist can play in the fight to eliminate factory farming. There are many ways that visual designers can contribute. Firstly, designing media art such as campaign graphics for animal welfare NGOs and advertisements and packaging for alternative protein products, will help bring awareness of animal suffering and entice people to stand up against it. Secondly, making films which highlight the impacts of factory farming as well as editing footage from undercover investigations to strategically evoke strong emotional responses can be very beneficial to this cause. Some successful documentaries on this subject include The Game Changers, Cowspiracy, What The Health, and Forks Over Knives. (Learn more about how to produce a documentary, even when you don’t yet have a budget or any experience, in the interview notes with Zehra Abbas, a Filmmaker for Seegrey Productions). Thirdly, developing websites for organizations that have the goal of ending factory farming can really help them to attract new users, retain existing users, and convey information effectively. Since many of these organizations are small, they often don’t prioritize web development so their user engagement suffers as a result.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Advertising Manager at Artisan Raw - translating initial ideas into engaging and informative visuals, creating original graphic content for slides for an external audience with bespoke presentation software

Social Media Video Editor at Beyond Meat - create, shoot, and edit social content for Beyond Meat social channels and will serve as a liaison between social and creative teams to find solutions for the "look" & "feel" of our social assets

Web Developer at World Animal Protection - create compelling digital experiences as well as contribute to the development of a wider digital strategy

You can build career capital to get into this area by practicing a specific form of art (building a portfolio), gaining experience with photoshop, video editing, and/or web development software, investigating successful advertisements online (especially social media), in the news, and on packaging. Working, interning, or volunteering at a small organization (preferably related to animal welfare or alternative protein) to build experience is a good starting point. 

Some vegan visual artists and their works can be found here. 

Advocating for animals is important as they do not have a voice in our society to speak for themselves so people must advocate on their behalf. Advocacy work can be highly impactful as it can influence others to change their diet (thus reducing the demand for meat) and more importantly, it can lead to industry changes (such as adding more plant-based options) and governments implementing policies (i.e. slower plant processing speeds to reduce meat production). In addition, it can help build the movement, raise awareness, and expand the community. Working in countries with no to minimal animal advocacy movements can make your specific impact much greater (compared to working in countries with existing advocacy movements). Advocacy work is highly impactful, evidenced by the increase in the percentage of cage-free hens in the U.S. from 6% in 2015 to 29% in 2021 which is a direct result of animal activists campaigning to various food corporations. Jobs in this sector are primarily working for animal advocacy NGOs and include activist, campaign leader, lobbyist, corporate engager, and event planner.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Corporate Engagement Specialist at The Good Food Institute - build relationships with major established companies and influencing them to invest in alternative proteins, stock more alternative protein products, and create new products in this space

Campaign Leader at PETA - conduct PETA's work with major corporations

Counsel, Captive Animal Law Enforcement at PETA - enforce laws, develop ideas for innovative litigation, influence policy, bring media attention to PETA’s work, and encourage the public to speak up for captive animals languishing in squalor

You can build career capital to get into this area by researching effective advocacy campaigns and techniques, practice delivering convincing arguments to friends, family, and others about why factory farming should end, and developing strong management, communication, and organizational skills.

Additional information specific to advocacy careers can be found here. Another great resource is the Center for Effective Vegan Advocacy. Also, notes from interviews with animal activists can be found here.

All nonprofits need funding and since they don’t generate profit, they rely solely on donations to fund their programs, which makes fundraising very important. The greater the funds raised, the more work the nonprofit is able to achieve (ideally corresponding to a larger influence) and most nonprofits are generally underfunded/ have a lot more room for funding (meaning that they could easily use significantly more money before reaching a point where it would be used ineffectively or be wasted). The effectiveness of fundraising work can yield between 300% and 900% return on investment for organizations. There are numerous forms of fundraising including public campaigns, peer-to-peer, corporate, trusts, grants, etc. Fundraisers are not usually a highly desirable role within organizations, which makes their counterfactually impact high as well as ensures better job security. 

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Fundraising Manager at Veganuary - develop email marketing appeals, write grant proposals, optimize and manage development database, and keep regular contact with donors and other stakeholders

Grant Writer at Humane Action Pittsburgh - prepare proposals, grant applications, and supporting documentation by researching, identifying, developing, and responding to grant opportunities in order to procure funds for operating expenses and specific projects/campaigns

Major Gifts Officer at Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine - oversee donor relations and the cultivation of new supporters as well as find innovative ways to keep existing supporters informed of campaign progress and to seek new support

You can build career capital to get into this area by reading about the psychology of donating and marketing, honing your persuasive writing abilities (such as writing articles for a paper, magazine, or journal), growing your network to build strong relationships, and gaining a basic understanding of managing finances (either personal or for a small business, club, association, or organization). 

Additional information specific to fundraising careers can be found here. A great book about how to fundraise effectively is The Generosity Network. Also, notes from interviews with fundraisers at animal welfare NGOs can be found here.

Many animal welfare NGOs recruit average people to work in factory farms and conduct undercover investigations (usually by wearing hidden cameras) to document poor practices within the factories. This footage is then used in court cases as well as in the media to illustrate the horrific treatment of animals in these factories, which can be quite impactful. This job is fairly easy to get since it requires no skills and is not highly sought after due to its difficult and grotesque working conditions, both physically and mentally (which is why foreign immigrants, who tend to be more desperate for work, are typically hired to work at factory farms as well as because they are the least likely to “whistle blow” about any poor practices as they would likely lose their job and could be deported). NGOs can only send people who have not publicly expressed views against factory farms since factory farming companies won’t hire them. There is becoming fewer and fewer of these people who are able (if you do it once, it can be tough or next to impossible to get hired by another company since they suspect you would do undercover work again) and willing (not many animal welfare advocates can stomach being the ones physically slaughtering animals) to do this job.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Undercover Investigator at PETA - use a variety of undercover investigative methods to conduct field investigations

Undercover Investigator: United States at Mercy for Animals - conduct thorough research on various farmed animal welfare issues and agricultural practices and facilities

Animal Cruelty Investigator at Humane Society of Missouri - investigate of cases related to animal neglect, abuse and abandonment, educate pet and livestock owners, promote of responsible animal care, and assist the Animal Cruelty Task Force with the rescue of animals due to distressing conditions or disasters

You can build career capital to get into this area by physiologically preparing yourself for observing horrifying animal suffering for long periods of time without external expressing any discomfort/dissatisfaction (for example, watching hours of animal cruelty videos), physically preparing yourself for doing a task repeatedly for long periods of time (for example, peeling potatoes for 4 hours without a break), trying an undesired job (i.e. janitor, garbage pickup person) to test if you are able to handle a mundane, smelly, and depressing work environment, and learning how to lie convincingly. 

Work at alternative protein companies and animal welfare NGOs is useful in the alternative protein and animal welfare space because as alternative protein companies and animal welfare NGOs continue to grow, they will need more employees to increase their production and influence. There are many roles within these companies and NGOs which require minimal to no specific skills. These more generic roles are the ones which there will be the greatest demand for as these companies’ and NGOs’ capacity to do their work depends on their ability to create output. For example, an alternative protein company can only produce as much product that it’s production workers can create. Therefore, having more production workers means that it has a greater capacity to create more products. Examples of some of these roles are technician/factory worker, delivery person, custodian, and administrative worker.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Plant-Based Meat Technician at Rebellyous Foods - assist with the production of plant-based meat (mixing, frying, freezing, packaging), complete sanitation tasks, and transport equipment, supplies, materials, and products within the facility

Executive Assistant at Beyond Carnism - provide high-level assistance to ensure the organization is as effective as possible

Special Assistant - Office of the President at PETA - work on specific projects, as assigned by the president, to help promote the goals of the organization

You can build career capital to get into this area by learning more about animal welfare and alternative proteins, expressing interest in ending factory farming on social media, reaching out to the CEO’s and presidents of alternative protein companies and animal welfare NGOs, and taking jobs in similar roles at other companies/organizations.

Helping to grow more crops used in plant-based proteins such as soybeans, peas, mung beans, chickpeas, etc. would make them more available for plant-based meat companies to purchase. Further expanding the production of these crops would reduce their overall cost (since as production scales, overhead cost per unit decreases) thereby helping plant-based meat become more cost competitive compared to conventional meat. You can make an impact either being a farmer, working for the Department of Agriculture, or working for an agribusiness company.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Extension Agent at University of Tennessee/Wilson County - plan, execute, and evaluate programs in the areas of Agriculture and Natural Resources as well as establish and maintain good working relationships with extension staff, commercial producers, agri-business, agricultural agencies, and general public

Director Center for Grain and Animal Health Research at USDA - conduct innovative research and develop new technologies to solve problems in arthropod-vectored animal diseases, and in the production, storage, and utilization of grain to ensure a safe, abundant, and high quality food supply

Regional Product and Process Development Leader Vegetable Proteins and Feed Products at Cargill - lead the day-today activities of Product and Process Development Enrichment team in Cargill Starches, Sweeteners, Texturizers Europe, Enrichment pillar

You can build career capital to get into this area by learning about agriculture practices (specifically those relating to growing crops needed for plant-based proteins), developing an in-depth understanding of how food systems work including the relationships between all stakeholders, and researching the economic, environmental, and social impacts of transitioning to a more plant-based food system.

Information on the career path of an Agricultural Extension Agent can be found here.

Inspecting factory farms and enforcing rules (and fines) to ensure that the animals are treated properly could improve the welfare of animals. However, raising awareness of poor animal treatment practices may help lead to factory shutdowns and possibly a reformation of the animal treatment laws. Also, there are a limited number of inspectors, and currently not enough of them to assess all the factory farms to ensure that these factories are adhering to the regulations. Therefore, there is a high need for people to take on this role.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Agriculture Inspector 1 - Livestock & Poultry at Georgia Department of Agriculture - handle many issues involving livestock and poultry on a daily basis, whether at a public sale, market or show, or enforcement of health regulations and laws pertaining to state requirements

Animal Control Officer at King George County - enforce animal control laws, investigate complaints, and control and protect of animals

Specialist, Animal Behavior at ASPCA - monitor the behavioral health of all animals, provide extra enrichment as needed, collect data, and coach others on proper treatment of animals

You can build career capital to get into this area by becoming very knowledgeable on factory farming laws and regulations as well as identifying, researching, and doing inspection work for a different government department. 

Information on the career path of an Animal Control Officer can be found here and for an Animal Health Inspector can be found here.

Specifically focusing on treating animals in factory farms since there are so many farmed animals (orders of magnitude more than pets) can be a simple way to reduce a lot of animal suffering. Taking it one step further would be to propose methods to improve the welfare of animals on factory farms and informing others of how the unsanitary conditions of factory farms can negatively impact human health and loss of revenue (due to animal mortality rates). Other work could include helping rescued animals from factory farms and/or working on animal sanctuaries.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Licensed Veterinary Technician at PETA - provide high-quality care for patients of high-volume mobile spay and neuter veterinary clinic 

Veterinary Medical Officer at USDA - test and evaluate assigned biologics for the prevention, treatment, or diagnosis of diseases of domestic animals and wildlife

You can build career capital to get into this area by attending veterinary school (or completing a program relating to animal medicine), gaining a solid understanding of the animal suffering on factory farms (by watching videos or ideally working at a factory farm), researching animal behaviour and links between human and animal health (i.e. zoonotic disease transmission), and developing a strong compassion for animals.

Information on the career path of a Veterinarian can be found here.

Finding ways to make plant-based options taste great is an excellent way to show people that they don’t have to compromise on taste when eating meat alternatives, which is where culinary expertise plays a key role. Also, talented chefs can prepare plant-based meals to make them more visually appealing to consumers resulting in higher acceptance. Developing more plant-based dishes to be available on menus could lead to more people trying them and reducing meat consumption.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Fast Casual Restaurant Manager at The Herbivorous Butcher - responsible for the day to day running of the restaurant, managing all staff, managing related inventory, and ensuring food and personnel safety in the department

Head Chef and Kitchen Manager at A Live Kitchen - oversight for the quality of food, execution, revenue and sales growth, expense, cost and margin control, and produce orders 

Product Development Associate at TheNotCompany - support the development of products in milk alternative categories, coordinating pilots, lab tests and trials, and preparing documentation

You can build career capital to get into this area by completing a culinary or food science program, experimenting with creating plant-based versions of dishes typically made with animal products, and taking introductory courses on how to run a business (preferably specific to the food industry). Also, you can join the International Association of Culinary Professionals.

There are many aspects of alternative protein development and animal welfare that are unknown (i.e. what is the most cost-effective way to convince people to eat less meat). Therefore, more research into these areas could help enable a better understanding of how to best end factory farming (finding donation opportunities to maximize the number of animal lives saved). This can also include doing an analysis of academic journals and research papers to consolidate and compare results. This type of meta research helps to allocate funding to academic institutions to develop alternative proteins and animal welfare understanding. This research can impact funders, animal advocacy, policy makers, academics, and society as a whole. Demonstrating to philanthropists that their money is used as effectively as possible is another aspect of this career path.

A few specific jobs in this career area are:

Global Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Manager at ProVeg International - lead impact measurement across countries, for a huge variety of different interventions, across all departments as well as manage data 

Researcher at Animal Charity Evaluators - design and conduct surveys, investigate the animal advocacy movement in other countries, conduct literature searches, and review the latest animal advocacy research

Other organizations doing meta research related to ending factory farming are:

Anima International

Animal Advocacy Careers

Animal Charity Evaluators

Animal Think Tank

Blue Horizon

Charity Entrepreneurship 

DefaultVeg

Farmed Animal Funders

Faunalytics (which offers office hours where you can learn more)

New Harvest 

Open Philanthropy

Plant Based Food Association

Rethink Priorities

The Good Food Institute

The Human League

You can build career capital to get into this area by reading numerous studies and academic papers on the subject of factory farming and alternative proteins to gain a thorough understanding of it, obtaining a degree, masters, or doctorate in an empirical area of study such as economics, engineering, mathematics, or psychology and doing similar research work (possibly as a research assistant) in another field, working or volunteering at an animal charity, honing report writing skills (can be either formal or informal reports), and practicing conducting some sort of impact evaluation. 

You can also read the interview notes with Kieran Greig, an Analyst at Farmed Animal Funders.

Educating people on the importance of ending factory farming (ethics of animal welfare, impacts on the environment, risks of zoonotic diseases, health benefits of a plant-based diet, sustainability of a the food system with a growing population, working conditions of factory farm workers) could led to them pursuing it as a career or at least donate to effective charities working towards ending factory farming. Also, teaching social and emotional learning (SEL) to any students from young age to adulthood can help people develop empathy. Not only is this a win for the animals, but it can greatly help them in their personal lives. Teaching empathy is essential to see behavioural change and decreased violence in the world. Roles in education include teachers, lecturers, and public speakers.

A few specific job in this career area is:

Tour Crew Member at PETA - deliver a compelling message against cruelty to animals to the public, distribute literature, and help provide a moving experience about animal rights

You can build career capital to get into this area by earning a teaching degree or PhD (to become a university professor), conducting extensive research on impacts of factory farming (ideally becoming an expert on a certain aspect related to ending factory farming, such as nutrition, human or animal psychology, or alternative protein development), attending seminars on empathy, and leading campaigns to improve your ability to effectively deliver key messages.

Additional information on the role of a Humane Educator can be found here.

You can also read the interview notes with Bo Gatarek, a teacher at Madonna University.

Here is a list of simple actionable steps you can implement in your day-to-day life outside of your career to help end factory farming: 

• Adopt a flexitarian, reducetarian, pescatarian, vegetarian, or vegan diet

• Purchase alternative protein products at grocery stores and restaurants

• Vote for policies to improve the welfare of farmed animals and implement stricter guidelines about their processing practices

• Sign petitions associated with ending factory farming

• Write op-eds about the benefits of transitioning away from factory farming

• Share articles about alternative proteins and animal welfare on social media

• Talk about the benefits of alternative proteins with friends, family, and others

• Email, call, or comment on social media asking companies producing and selling animal products to transition away from factory farming (the Humane League Fast Action Network has numerous specific ways for you to do this)

• Protest and/or campaign against factory farming

• Join an Alt Protein Project at a university or start a new one

• Donate to Animal Charity Evaluator’s top recommended charities

• Invest in alternative protein companies (see investing opportunities noted at the end of the Investing career path)

• Volunteer for nonprofits that support animal advocacy (i.e. leafleting in public places) 

• Do a side project related to ending factory farming (i.e. research ways to improve plant-based diet adoption)

• Apply to be a research study test subject for studies related to ending factory farming (i.e. plant-based meat consumer surveys)

• Buy green bonds and/or climate bonds (as they can provide billions of dollars to farms to transition to animal-free farming) 

• Use the new tool Free Will to easily gift stocks to PETA (or similar NGOs)

• Animal Advocacy Careers Skills Profiles (Animal Advocacy Careers)

• Pathways Kickstart your Career in Cellular Agriculture (Cellular Agriculture Australia)

• Careers in the Alt. Protein Field (Chapel Hill Alt Protein Project)

• Alt. Protein/Animal Advocacy Careers/Resources for students (Kuhan Jeyapragasan)

• Alternative Protein Career Portal (GFI)

• Student Guide to Navigating the Alternative Protein Space (GFI)

• Key Disciplines for Alternative Protein Science (GFI)

• Pioneers of the Future of Food (GFI)

• What can you do about Factory Farming? (80,000 Hours)

• Spot-checks in the Farmed Animal Movement (for-profit)  (Animal Advocacy Careers)

• Spot-checks in the Farmed Animal Movement (nonprofit)  (Animal Advocacy Careers)

• Work Effectively (Animal Charity Evaluators) 

• Animal Welfare Reports (Charity Entrepreneurship)

• Treatment of Animals in Industrial Agriculture (Open Philanthropy)

• Find a Job Working With Animals (The Balance Careers)

• Animal Welfare Projects (Rethink Priorities)

• Animal Justice Academy (Animal Justice)

• Purpose Spreadsheet (Red To Green and Threebility)

• Jeffray Behr

• Carissa Cirelli

• Vikki Lenola

• Kevin Shen

• Zehra Abbas

• Alyssa Berris

• Blake Byrne

• Cash Callaghan

• Neil Dullaghan

• Dewi Erwan

• Bo Gatarek

• Kieran Greig

• Friederike Grosse-Holz 

• Brooke Haggerty

• Jamie Harris

• Em Heppler

• Amy Huang 

• Sorin Ionescu

• Stephen Rykwalder

• Jason Schukraft

• Jessica Scott-Reid

• Lucas Solowey

• Daniel Wang

Read the Interview Notes.